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Ballad Singers
A
ballad has been defined as a narrative lyric of known or unknown origin that
tells a story.
The
ballads in Karnataka has been divided into two categories. They are
-
Field
ballads or 'Bayalu Lavani'
-
'Mela'
ballads or 'Mela Lavani'/'Gee Gee' songs
Fields
ballads are extensively found in North Karnataka and are sung by a person who
plays a folk instrument called the 'Dappu' and effortlessly sets empathy with
the audience. The artiste sings the mythological, historical and social
narratives.
'Mela'
Ballads also popularly known as 'Gee Gee' songs are ubiquitous in North
Karnataka.
The
Mela ballads have assumed different forms. 'Hardeshi-Negeshi' is one such form
conducted in a dialogue format involving two groups. These groups are also
popularly referred as 'Kalgi-Turayi' consisting of male and female factions
respectively. Because of its question and answer techniques, this ballad form is
also described as 'Saval Jawab'. Sometimes women singers lead the female faction
and add colour to the entire mela.
A
group performance, Mela ballads derive their strength from strong narrative
technique. In Mela ballads, the dialogues which form the major part of the
performance are witty and thought provoking and some of the dialogues are
extempore and exhibit a fine blending of music, verse and structure. These
ballads with social, romantic, family based historical and heroic themes
exemplify the basic human qualities like sacrifice, love, valour, joy,
endurance, agony, vengeance and subsequently creating socially
discernible situations and characters. examples of heroic ballads are Belwadi
Mallamma, Kittur Chennamma and Malla Sarja. e.g. of romantic ballads are
Ushaharana, Asala Jati Hennu.
'Gee
Gee' song which forms part of the Mela ballads is said to be the queen of folk
ballads. The style of rendering Gee Gee songs is different from ballads.
The
Gee Gee mela consists of three members. They wear a head gear, a white dhoti and
a coat with a piece of red cloth tied around their waist. A percussion
instrument called the 'Dappu' is played besides the chowdike and the cymbals.
There are women singers also. Gee Gee melas are held in fairs, festivals and
private functions at the request of the village community. Gee Gee mela is given
paramount importance among the mass of folk songs of Karnataka solely because of
its secular nature.
The
famous Gee Gee songs are heroic verses composed on Kittur Chennamma, Sangolli
Rayanna and other valiant characters from the noble stock of pre-independence
Karnataka. Besides ballads with historical themes, social and political themes are also
popular among the masses.
The
basic features of Gee Gee are the flexibility of theme, dexterity, simplicity
and clarity. Anybody can sing Gee Gee. In some families Gee Gee singing is
hereditary. There are professional Gee Gee singers also.
Gee
Gee melas are conducted in North Karnataka in places like Salotagi, Ingalagi,
Savalagi, Banahatti, Jamkhandi, Hankhandi, Madarkhandi, Bijjragi, Kanamadi,
Belaji, Galgali, Athani, Yakanji, Hosur, Hukund, Gulbarga, Dagami, Ramapura,
Navalgund, Hebbal and others.
Hanumanthappa
Hadkara, Gangubai Manikatti, Fakiravva Gudisagara are the out standing Gee Gee
singers. Gee Gee songs were used for political reasons to rouse the masses and
to remove the Devadasi system.
The songs sound realistic. The folk instruments like the Dappu
and the Chowdike offer a superb musical spectacle.
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