Male Infertility

Treatment

Treatment options for infertility, depends upon the cause and may include :  

Drug Therapy
This medication treatment is to improve sperm production, treat hormonal dysfunction, cure infections that compromise sperm, and fight sperm antibodies.

Electroejaculation (EEJ)
Electroejaculation or Rectal Electroejaculation (REE) is a treatment in which electric stimulus brings about ejaculation to obtain semen. It is collected and  prepared for use, usually in artificial insemination. This procedure is usually done in men with neurological problems. 

Artificial Insemination (AI)

Epididymal and testicular sperm extraction / Surgical Sperm Aspiration
It is the treatment for male containing azoospermia and spermatic cord abnormalities. The treatment technique involves removing sperm from part of the male  reproductive tract such as the epididymis or directly from the testis using a needle and fertilisation is performed by Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) .  Usually enough sperm can be collected so that samples can be frozen for later use if required. 

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF):
It is occasionally used for men with oligospermia. IVF, is the most effective form of ART, refers to the fertilization taking place outside the body in a laboratory. The procedure involves retrieving mature eggs from a  woman, fertilizing them with a man's sperm in a dish under controlled conditions in a laboratory and implanting the embryos into the woman's uterus (womb) three  to five days after fertilization. IVF treatment commonly known as 'test tube baby' is used to treat infertility blockages of the fallopian tubes, endometriosis, abnormal  sperm, and some cases of unexplained infertility. 

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI):
This consists of a microscopic technique (micromanipulation) in which a single sperm is injected directly into an egg with a microscopic needle to achieve  fertilization.  
ICSI is usually done in people with poor semen quality or lack of sperm in the semen which is caused by an obstruction or testicular failure. In some cases, sperm  may be surgically extracted from the testis or epididymis.