Because leukemia starts in the bone marrow and often has spread
to other organs by the time it is detected, there is no need for traditional
staging. All leukemias are classified according to their genotypes, or their
unique chromosomal arrangements, which also enables the physicians to determine
risk factors.
Acute leukemia is
classified in the French- American- British (FAB) system based upon the microscopic
appearance of leukemia cells. According to FAB classification, acute leukemia
is divided into eight subtypes of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and three
subtypes of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL).
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is classified by 2 different
staging systems, known as RAI Classification and Binet Staging, both based on
the parts of the body affected by the leukemia.
The main features of Rai Classification stage of the chronic
lymphocytic leukemia are :
Stage 0 - This stage have high lymphocytes (a
type of WBC) count in the blood, but there are no other symptoms of leukemia.
It is a slow-growing stage and patients are at low risk.
Stage 1 - Lymph nodes are larger than normal because
of high lymphocytes count. Patients are at intermediate risk
Stage 2 - Lymph nodes, liver and spleen are larger
than normal as a result of an overabundance of lymphocytes. Patients are
at intermediate risk
Stage 3 - Anemia has developed because there are
too few red blood cells in the blood. Lymph nodes, spleen and liver may
be swollen because of high lymphocytes count. Patients are at high risk
Stage 4 - There are too few platelets in the blood.
Lymph nodes, spleen and liver may be swollen. Anemia may be present.
Binet staging system classifies CLL according to which lymphoid
tissues, such as the spleen or lymph nodes, are involved as well as the presence
of low red blood cell count (anemia) or low number of blood platelets (thrombocytopenia).
The major advantage of the Binet system is its ability to highlight the splenic
form of CLL.
The stage of binet system are :
Stage A - There are three or fewer areas of enlarged
lymph tissue. Lymph nodes in one particular area, such as the neck or underarm,
are considered one group, whether they occur on just one side of the body
(unilateral) or on both sides (bilateral).
Stage B - There are more than three areas of enlarged
lymph tissue.
Stage C - Enlarged lymph tissue is present along
with anemia and thrombocytopenia.
hi my name name is suresh i am from chennai 22yers old i am a regular smoker from past one month sometimes i am getting chest pain and abdomen is paining little it will pains for 2 to 3 minutes and stops meanwhile my throat is also getting dry at the time i could not able to speak i am getting little swear that i will get cancer till now i didn't tell this to anybody even to my friends also i didn't consult the doctor also can you please help me what i want to do next which doctor i want to consult. is cancer is curable diseases
Ans:
Dear Suresh,
Smoking is hazardous to your health. There is no reason why should start this bad habbit at this age it is a very difficult habit to break once you are addicted to cigarettes. Smoking can cause lung problems such as Asthma and lung cancer. Throat cancer is another complication of smoking .
SO PLEASE STOP SMOKING..
You may not have cancer but there is no reason to indulge in risky behaviour. Some Cancers are curable if treated early. Stress can cause sweating high heart rate etc..
If your symptoms persists you may have to consult a doctor.
Please take care.
Posted by Dr. R.John, Kochi
3.
Posted on :
5.10.2009 By : Resha , New Delhi, New Delhi
I am seeking help for a cancer patient(3-4th stage)of 65yrs old. cheme & radiotheropy will not work(as per doc)due to less wt n also age. He has been given ayurvedic treatment from qualified doctor. Can i get fund from primeminister's fund scheeme or any Ngo who will help him. I havemanaged for one month treatment which is costing 30,000Rs. the treatment may continue for 7to12 months. please can anybody help me in this matter
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