Bladder
reconstruction The bladder is completely removed in radical cystectomy.
Removal of the bladder requires an ostomy (surgical creation of an artificial
opening) and an external bag to collect urine. This is called urinary diversion.
The continent urinary reservoir or catheterizable stoma, the neobladder, urinary
or ileal conduit are some procedure include in bladder reconstruction.
The
urinary or ileal conduit is a urinary channel that is surgically created
from a small piece of the patient's bowel (small intestine). During this procedure,
the ureters are attached to one end of the bowel segment and the other end is
connected to an opening (stoma) in the lower abdomen through which urine drains
into a small bag. An external, urine-collecting bag can worn at all times and
empty three or four times a day.
In
continent urinary reservoir, a piece of the colon (large intestine) is
used to form an internal pouch capable of holding three or four cups of urine.
The urine cane be drained from the pouch with a catheter several times a day and
the stoma site is easily concealed by a band aid.
In
neobladder procedure, the surgeon literally recreates a bladder. The process
involves suturing a similar intestinal pouch used in a catheterizable stoma to
the urethra. As a result, the urine can eliminate without having an external opening.
This is a complex reconstruction procedure and may lead to various complications
such as scarring, internal urine leakage and incontinence.
Radiation
therapy It is also called radiotherapy and uses high-energy rays to
kill cancer cells. It affects cancer cells only in the treated area. Radiation
may be given for small-muscle invasive bladder cancers.Some patients may
have radiation therapy before surgery to shrink the tumor and others may have
it after surgery to kill cancer cells that may remain in the area. The two types
of radiation therapy used to treat bladder cancer are :
External
radiation : Radiation is produced by a machine outside the body. The machine
targets a concentrated beam of radiation directly at the tumor area. This form
of therapy is usually spread out in short treatments given 5 days a week for 5-7
weeks. Spreading it out this way helps protect the surrounding healthy tissues
by lowering the dose of each treatment. Treatment may be shorter when external
radiation is given along with radiation implants.
Internal
radiation : A small pellet of a radioactive substance is placed inside the
bladder through the urethra or by making a tiny incision in the lower abdominal
wall. During the entire treatment, the patient must stay in the hospital. When
the treatment is done, the pellet is removed. Once it is removed, no radioactivity
is left in the body.
Side Effects : With external
radiation, healthy tissue overlying or adjacent to the tumor can be damaged. The
side effects of radiation depend on the dose and the area of the body where the
radiation is targeted. Internal organs, bones, and other tissues can also be damaged.
Common effects include extreme tiredness, vomiting, increased susceptibility to
infections, hair loss, easy bruising or bleeding. Radiation therapy may cause
decrease in the number of white blood cells. External radiation may permanently
darken the skin in the treated area. Radiation to the pelvis may also cause
nausea, diarrhea, urinary problems, and sexual problems such as vaginal dryness
in women and erectile dysfunction in men.
My sister is suffering from blood cancer she is admitted in RCC in kerala her body is fully swollen she is not able to walk she is got high fever no platelet no blood and she is urinating badly can u tell me in which stage she is in
Dear Docter, my father is suffering from tumor of lung cancer. We use ayurvedic medicine. But there is no change in the health. please gave me some advise. Doctor gave him 6 chemoterapy also.
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