Penile Cancer

Treatment

2. Radiation therapy 
In Radiation therapy uses high-dose x-rays or other high-energy rays to kill malignant cells and shrink tumors. This is used alone or  as an alternative to surgery. Radiation therapy to the penis may work best in patients with low stage disease. This may improve effectiveness after resection of localized lesions without metastasis; it may also reduce the size of lymph nodes before nodal resection. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external radiation) or from putting materials that contain radiation through thin plastic tubes into the area where the cancer cells are (internal radiation). Each treatment takes 10–15 minutes. The number of treatments will depend on the type and size of the cancer but the whole course of treatment for early cancer will usually last up to six weeks. 

3.Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy (using drugs to kill the cancer cells). It can be one drug or several drugs used together. It is not commonly used to treat cancer of the penis. Chemotherapy cream may sometimes be used to treat very small, early cancers that are confined to the foreskin and end of the penis (glans). Chemotherapy may also be given as tablets or by injection into a vein for more advanced cancer. It may be given along with surgery or radiotherapy (or both). This treatment is still experimental and is given as part of research trials (clinical trials). The side effects of chemotherapy are hair loss, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, lowered blood counts, , and an increased risk of infection.

4.Biological therapy 
Biological therapy (BRM Therapy restores the body's natural defenses against disease)

The chance of recovery and choice of treatment depend on the stage of the cancer and the patient's general state of health.  There are incidents of the cancer recurring after it has been treated.

Treatment by Stage
Treatment of penile cancer depends on the type of cancer and the stage of the cancer. 

• For stage I  - If cancer is limited to the foreskin, treatment will be wide local excision and circumcision. If cancer is only on  the glans,  treatment may involve the use of a  Fluorouracil cream or  microsurgery. If the tumour originating from the glans, has started to invade adjacent parts of the penis, partial penectomy with or without groin node dissection (GND), teletherapy. microsurgery, laser may involve. 
• For stage II  - Stage II cancer may managed by amputation of the penis that is;  partial penectomy,  total penectomy or  radical penectomy is an alternative approach. Radiation treatment may also involve.
• For stage III - Treatment may be amputation of the penis, followed by removal of lymph nodes on both sides of the groin or amputation of the penis followed by partial or total penectomy, with one sided (unilateral) or both sided (bilateral) GND. Some form of penectomy followed by irradiation, Chemotherapy with or without irradiation.
• For stage IV - Treatments are similar to that for Stage III cancer.
• For recurrent - If the cancer has come back, treatment may partial or total penectomy, radiation, or chemotherapy.Biological therapy is also being conducted. 

Ways to Reduce Penile Cancer
Penile cancer is very treatable and is often cured. Adding these tips to your daily routine can help to lower your penile cancer risk. The chance of recovery and choice of treatment depend on the stage of the cancer (whether it is just in the penis or has spread to other places), and the general state of health of the patient.

• Clean the penis routinely and effectively, especially under your foreskin.
• Practice safe sex and limit the number of sexual partners during your lifetime.
• Do not smoke cigarettes.  Cigarette smokers have a higher risk of developing penile cancer than non-smokers.
• Know the symptoms of penile cancer (growths or sores on the penis or abnormal discharge or bleeding from the penis). Notify your doctor if you notice any of these changes.