MARKINGS ON THE HEAD

Kumkum    

Vermilion powder of bright red colour is used by  women to put kumkum. Kumkum is put on the center part of the pre-head. It is considered  auspicious. Traditionally kumkum worn on the pre-head shows the marital status of women. Now-a-days, Kumkum is available in different colours.

BINDI

Bindi is a Sanskrit word meaning a dot. It is put between the eyebrows, on the lower part of the forehead. It is considered as the symbol of Goddess Parvathi. There is a common belief that the bindi protects women. Nowadays bindi has become a decorative cosmetic and is worn by women and young girls. Other than the Vermilion powder, many other synthetic materials are also used. Bindi in different shapes and colours  are also available.  It is available in all cosmetic shops and it is very easy to use than the vermilion powder.

Chandan

Chandan is a paste of sandal wood worn by women on the forehead just above the bindi. It is also worn by men on their foreheads. In Hindu temples, sandal wood paste offered to the gods, is later given along with 'prasadam' (consecrated temple food) to people who visit the temple. During marriage ceremonies, sandal wood paste is kept at the entrance in order to welcome the invited guests.  This paste gives a cooling effect to the head.