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Large-scale, Medium and Cottage industries
Cotton textile, spinning mills, ceramic, glass and refractory
units, sugar factories, caustic soda plants, salt, chemical, paper and rice
mills are included in this category.
Chemical Industries
Paradeep Phosphates Limited
(PPL)
This unit was set up in collaboration with the government of
Nauru at Paradeep by taking advantage of naptha imported through the port mainly
from the middle east countries. The Diammonium Phosphate plant has a production
capacity of 0.72 million tonnes and it is the largest plant in Asia. During the second phase of expansion phosphoric acid and
sulphuric acid production will be started and the unit will have its own captive
power plant.
Jayshree Chemical Limited
This plant is located at Ganjam on the banks of the
Rushikulya.
It is producing caustic soda discharging its waste into the Rushikulya because
of which the river is being polluted. Besides, the east coast salt and chemical
factory is operating at Sumandi.
Fertilizer Plant
A fertilizer unit was set up at Talcher in 1971 based on coal by
Fertilizer Corporation Of India (FCI). Urea was produced by this plant in
1979. The fertilizer from this unit accounts for 40-50 percent of the total
fertilizer consumed in the state.
Heavy Water Plant
A heavy water plant is operating at Talcher under the Atomic
Energy Commission.
Agro-Based Industries
Amongst the agro-based industries, the jute mill at Dhanmandal
in Gajpur district, is the most important. Raw jute is being supplied from the
jute growing belt of the Mahanadi-Brahmani delta.
Cotton Textiles
A textile mill was established at Chaudwar in 1949 with a
capacity of 50,000 spindles and 864 looms. This mill is market based. It gets
its supplies of raw cotton from the cotton belt located in the Western
Peninsula. Six cotton spinning mills are also operating at Jharsuguda, Bargarh,
Khorda, Tistol, Athyarh, Tora and Govindapur mostly in the co-operative sector.
Other small weaving and spinning mills are operating at Sambalpur, Baripada.
Sericulture
Sericulture is an agro-based industry having very high potential
in rural Orissa. sericulture is high employment oriented, requires
low investment and brings high return. It has a low gestation
period, can help earn a lot of foreign exchange and is non-polluting. Orissa is second to Bihar in the manufacture of
Tassar with a production of about 10 tonnes per annum. This variety of
silk is mostly manufactured in old Mayurbhanj, Sundergarh, Kendujhar, Sambalpur
and Koraput district. The Tassar worms thrive mostly on the shorea
robusta (sal), Terminalia arjuna and Terminalia tomentosa. All these
trees are found in abundance in the forests of Orissa. Sericulture which started in Orissa 1926 in
Cuttack, Puri and
Ganjam districts gradually spread to sundergarh, phulabani and Koraput
districts. Mulberry silk is much less important compared to Tassar and
Eri in Orissa. Since1981, the Bivoltive Sericulture Development project
has been taken up by the state Government. It covers areas in R.Udayagiri
and Mohana blocks and in old Koraput, Ganjan, phulabani, Kalahandi,
Cuttack, Puri, samblapur and Kendujhar districts.
Sugar Mill
A sugar mill was started in Orissa on the eve of the
second world war, at Aska. All sugar factory are raw material
oriented. The sugar factory at Aska is the oldest in the state. At the end
of the seventh plan, three sugar factories were operational at Aska, Bargarh
and Rayagada. Two more factories are being set up at Nayagarh, in Nayagarh
districts and Badamba in Cuttack. Besides, some other Sugar mills were
started at Dharmagarh in old Kalahandi district, Haripur in
Dhenkamal district, Nabarangapur in Nabarangpur district, Deogaon in
Balangir district and Anandapur in Kendujhar district.
Rice Mill
Rice mill are an important agro-based industry in Orissa.
They
cluster invariably around the railheads of old Baleshwar, Cuttck and
Sambalpur districts. Besides, a large number of rice hullers are operating
in rural collecting centres all over Orissa .
Tyre Factory
A tyre factory is being set up by the Birlas at Baleshwar to
feed the local and national market.
The Aeronautical Industry
The MIG Engine factory at Sunabeda near
Koraput is a landmark in the industrial development of Orissa. This
factory was established in collaboration with the former USSR.
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