The task of Archaeologists is to study architectural relics or monuments or whatever it may be, to identify the period to which they belong which may later become historical evidence. They examine the relevance of any evidence, which may range from ruins of large cities to stone flakes and thus trace the stages of development of civilizations. They analyze the data and write reports on their findings. 

Artifacts, features and ecofacts are the three basic kinds of archeological evidence that are useful to the Archaeologists. Artifacts are objects like pots, beads, copper plates etc. made by people, which can be moved without altering their appearance. Study of artifacts often requires the knowledge of other languages like Urdu, Sanskrit and Persian as they may contain inscriptions. Features consists of houses, tombs, people etc. which cannot be separated from their surroundings without changing their form. Ecofacts, the natural objects like seeds, animal bones etc. found with artifacts or features, disclose how ancient people responded to their surroundings.

The profession of Archaeology offers interesting job opportunities to those who have a fascination for the past. Specialists in the field of Archeology can work as Numismatists and Epigraphists. Numismatics is the study of old coins, tokens and other related objects while Epigraphy is the study of inscriptions on ancient monuments, rocks, temples, copper plates etc.

In India, students who pass out from the Institute of Archaeology, the academic wing of the Archeological Survey of India, have brighter prospects because they are readily absorbed by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). Archaeologists can seek jobs in government sectors through examinations conducted by Union Public Service Commission or Staff Selection Commission and also in private environment monitoring companies or in similar organizations. They are employed in Defense services, museums, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, cultural centers and historical division of the Ministry of External Affairs. A degree holder in Archaeology can work as tourist guides, heritage managers, interpreters, resource persons of trip organizers in the tourism industry. After obtaining Doctoral degree or successfully clearing SLET (State Level Eligibility Test ) or NET (National Eligibility Test) one can take up teaching and research work. Archaeologists can even seek employment in other disciplines as historians, linguists and surveyors.

Archaeology graduates have great scope abroad for jobs as well as research as various colleges and universities are well furnished with research programmes. Here one can work as curators, heritage conservators, archivists or even as teachers.